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The primary function of steel joists in construction is to span between beams or bearing walls. Steel joists serve as important structural elements that provide support for floor and roof systems. By spanning between beams or walls, they create a framework that supports loads from the structures above, such as flooring materials, roofing, and additional equipment. This configuration allows for larger open spaces without the need for additional columns, which enhances the design flexibility of the building.

The role of steel joists in distributing loads efficiently and maintaining structural integrity makes them fundamental to ensuring safety and functionality in both residential and commercial construction. Their use facilitates various designs and layouts, allowing architects and engineers to create well-utilized spaces.

Other choices focus on different aspects of construction or structural support. While insulation against heat and support for roofing materials might be relevant to overall building performance, they are not the primary purpose of steel joists. Similarly, while resistance to seismic forces is crucial for ensuring safety in certain regions, it is not the main function of steel joists themselves; rather, this falls under the broader category of structural design and engineering considerations.