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Magnetic contacts play a crucial role in intrusion detection systems primarily by detecting when a door or window has been opened or closed. When these contacts are installed, they consist of two parts: a magnet and a switch. When the two parts are in close proximity—such as when a door or window is shut—the circuit remains closed. However, when the door or window opens, the distance between the magnet and the switch increases, causing the circuit to open. This action triggers an alarm or a notification.

The significance of providing a signal to a monitoring station lies in the system's ability to alert security personnel or the property owner of unauthorized access. This real-time notification is essential in preventing potential intrusions and can lead to a timely response.

While other options involve different aspects of security monitoring, they do not pertain directly to the specific function of magnetic contacts. For instance, detecting glass breakage pertains to separate sensors designed specifically for that purpose. Monitoring window screens and sensing movement involve entirely different technologies and mechanisms than those utilized by magnetic contacts in intrusion detection systems.